Which of the following methods can be used for gathering primary data?

The process of gathering primary data involves collecting information directly from original sources rather than relying on previously published materials. Interviews and surveys are prime examples of methods used to obtain firsthand insights from individuals about their preferences, behaviors, or experiences. This approach allows for tailored questions that can yield specific and relevant data based on the research objectives.

In contrast, opinion polls can be a means of gathering data; however, they often rely on standardized questions that may not delve deeply into individual responses. Market reports and government statistics, on the other hand, consist of secondary data, as they compile and analyze information that has already been collected by other parties. Therefore, interviews and surveys stand out as effective primary data collection methods due to their direct engagement with respondents and customization to specific research goals.